School Played Little Role in America's Most Dramatic Phase of Wealth Equalization and Are Unlikely to Play That Role Now

At a time when inequalities in wealth are greater than they have been at any time since the late 1920's, leaders of both parties are looking to changes in public education as the major vehicle for achieving greater opportunity and equity in our economic system. Unfortunately, there is no historical evidence that schools have ever played that role. Take a close look at the charts below in Paul Krugman's column. The most dramatic redistribution of wealth in American History took place in the years 1937 to 1947, when the percentage of income accruing to the top ten percent of earners plummeted to half its previous total and remained there for over 30 years. Not surprisingly, those were also the years when Black per capita income grew fastest relative to white per capita income ( from 44 % in 1940 t0 57% in 1950).

What was responsible for this redistribution of income? Was it increased investment in education or reform in the nations public schools? No, as it turns out, the major factors were increased taxation of high incomes, a substantial growth in the percentage of workers covered by union contracts ( from less than 5 million in 1937 to over 15 million in 1945), a reduction in racial discrimination in basic industry ( due to the Fair Employment Practices Commission), and rapid rural to urban migration as a result of wartime economic recovery. These policies led to a dramatically transformed and increasingly multiracial industrial working class that was highly organized and politically influential at both the local and national level and capable of defending its interest relative to large corporations and the wealthy far greater than its counterparts 20 years earlier

Now let's segue back to today. The idea that school reform strategies emphasizing testing, accountability, privatization, and limiting teacher union power will somehow result in greater economic and racial equality has become an article of faith in the Democratic as well as Republican Parties and has been embraced by the Obama Administration. But there is absolutely no evidence that it is working, Every social indicator of educational achievement, employment and wealth distribution suggests that our nation is MORE unequal now that it was when No Child Left Behind was passed ( 2001) and reflects no improvements since the introduction of Race to the Top ( 2009). So if these reforms aren't working now, and never worked in the past, why do many people believe they are effective?

Some of this reflects the power of foundations funded by the nation's wealthiest people ( Walton, Gates, Broad etc) in promoting school reform ideology, but it also reflects the discomfort of much of the American population with collectivist solutions to social problems even when they work.

The truth is, we can do a lot more to promote racial and economic equality through programs of progressive taxation, promotion of unionization in low wage enterprises, and efforts to uproot discrimination in the labor market and the criminal justice system than by trying to improve our public schools through competition and privatization. But those measures require sacrifices by the very wealthy that School Reform manages to avoid so it will take fierce grass roots pressure to bring them to fruition.


krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/09/18/introducing-this-blog/